Catalog

One 、 Schopenhauer said the first kind of freedom

Two 、 When freedom is pure to a certain extent , It is equivalent to loneliness

3、 ... and 、《 Everything is accomplished in solitude 》 The book says

One 、 Schopenhauer said the first kind of freedom

Schopenhauer is in 《 Two basic problems of ethics 》 Chinese freedom is divided into three categories ：

• The body 、 Material freedom . It means that there are no material obstacles of any kind , You can do it at will . This body of freedom 、 Material meaning , Especially as an attribute of animals , It is the original concept of freedom 、 Direct is therefore the most commonly used meaning .
• Intellectual freedom . That is what Aristotle said “ In terms of ideology, you can follow your own will or cannot follow your own will ”.

We may misunderstand motivation because of cognitive dysfunction or external trends in a particular situation , And lose this intellectual freedom .

For example, epilepsy while driving , Or the doctor mistakenly used the medicine and so on , The motivation is distorted , Intelligence can't reflect the situation as usual, which makes you want to make a decision . So in these cases , The crime committed cannot be judged directly on the result .

• Moral freedom .

  Schopenhauer believes that desire is our essence , It is the same. , And morality is only the manifestation of intention , Therefore, a person's morality is also unchanged , Say we are free , It is only free in desire , But moral activities are inevitable .

On the one hand, moral freedom is related to the body 、 Material freedom is related , But in many cases , Without material obstacles , However, one can not act as one pleases because of the restriction of pure motivation , Like promises 、 dangerous 、 Fear, etc , These pure motives are related to nature , That is, related to desire .

Two 、 When freedom is pure to a certain extent , It is equivalent to loneliness

         Schopenhauer told us , A person's freedom is closely related to his own prosperity , It is worth noting that , Here, abundance only refers to the spiritual level . in other words , If a person has rich spiritual wealth , There is no or very little demand for external living conditions , Then he is a happy person , A free man . perhaps , let me put it another way , The more you own , The less you ask for from others , The freer he becomes .

         However , Freedom and loneliness , In the eyes of ordinary people, they are two concepts with completely different properties , Freedom favors commendation , People yearn ; Loneliness tends to derogatory , Avoid others . But in the eyes of philosophers , Their meaning is the same . When freedom is pure to a certain extent , It is equivalent to loneliness . Schopenhauer said , Real freedom , Is dancing with loneliness .

3、 ... and 、《 Everything is accomplished in solitude 》 The book says

“ Only when alone , He is himself , If you don't like being alone , Then he certainly doesn't love freedom , Because only when he is lonely , He will enjoy real freedom .”

For happiness ,“ What is a man ” than “ What do people have ” as well as “ Others' comments ” More important ：

• ” What is a man ” as well as “ Something inherent in human beings ” Always the first consideration .
• Actually , The happiness and misfortune of life mainly depend on the way we treat life , It depends on the degree and nature of our general sensory ability , And very little depends on what comes to us .
• Final , It plays the primary and most important role in happiness , It's happiness from the heart —— Noble character 、 Outstanding intelligence 、 Elegant temperament 、 Cheerful mood and perfect and strong physique .