一、异步

        1.创建一个异步

//1-定义一个委托
public delegate int MyCal(int num);

//2-Implement methods based on delegates
private int ExecuteTask(int num)
{
    Thread.Sleep(5000);
    return num*num;
}

//3-调用方法
MyCal objCal = ExecuteTask;    //Refer to the corresponding method

    //1.通过委托调用BeginInvoke调用
    IAsyncResult Reslut = objCal.BeginInvoke(10,null,null);    
        //输入和输出变量、回调函数、Figured out the parameters of the callbackobject;Returns the asynchronous operation state interface type

    //2.获取异步执行结果
    int r = objCal.EndInvoke(Reslut);    //参数为：Asynchronous operation state interface type

        2.Create multiple async

//1-定义一个委托
public delegate int MyCal(int num,int ms);

//2-Implement methods based on delegates
private int ExecuteTask(int num,int ms)
{
    Thread.Sleep(ms);
    return num*num;
}

//3-调用方法
MyCal objCal = ExecuteTask;    //Refer to the corresponding method
//也可以使用 MyCal objCal = new MyObj(ExecuteTask);

    //通过forThe loop can be called repeatedly
    for(int i=1; i<11; i++)
    {
        objCal.BeginInvoke(10*i,1000*i,MyCallBack,i);
    }

//4-重写回调函数
private MyCallBack(IAsyncResult reslut)
{
    int res = objMyCal.EndInvoke(result);
    ConSole.WirteLine("第"+result.AsyncState.ToString()+"The completion result is "+res);
}

                ①result.AsyncState的内容就是BeginInvoke中The content injected by the last parameter.

                ②The overridden callback function fires automatically when execution ends.

                ③BeginInvokeIt can be called cyclically to achieve the effect of multi-tasking

        3.运用Lambda表达式/Anonymous delegation simplified

//1-定义一个委托
public delegate int MyCal(int num,int ms);

//2-使用匿名委托+Lambda表达式
this.objMyCal = (num,ms) =>
{
    System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(ms);
    return num*num;
}

        4.Features of asynchronous programming

                ①建立在on a commissioned basis

                ②每个方法Runs independently in a thread

                ③More suitable for time-consuming“简单任务”,Ask for tasks directly相互独立,且Visual controls cannot be accessed directly

                ④Not suitable must be pressedexecute in a specific order/访问共享资源,可以选择多线程

二、多线程

        1.suggested thread

1--建立线程
Thread objT1 = new Thread(Func1);    //单参数方法：The method that needs to be called before use<无参委托>

    //Or use anonymous delegate
    Thread objT2 = new Tread(delegate()
    {
        //执行代码
    });

2--设置后台线程
objT1.IsBackground = true;    //设置为后台线程

3-启动线程
objT1.Start();

        2.跨线程访问控件

                一般情况下来说,C#Cross-threading is not allowed调用控件,可以采用以下方法解决

                ①Disable cross-thread checking

Control.CheckForIllegalCrossThreadCalls = false;
    //在Load阶段注入,Turn off cross-thread checking

                ②使用Invoke方法

lblResult.Invoke(new Action<string>(s=>{ lblResult.Text = s}),a.ToString());    
    //The parameter is a no-return delegate

        3.Read and manage processes

                需要引入命名空间：System.Diagnostics;

                句柄(Handle)：进程的标识符;The handle needs to be removed after closing the process;handle can通过Process对象的Handle属性访问（Such as exit code、时间）

                ①Get the process used by the machine

private Process[] allProcess = null;    //定义容器

allProcess = Process.GetProcess();    //Get all processes

                ②获取进程信息

Process CurrProcess = allProcess[x];    //Get a process

ProcessModuleCollection models = CurProcess.Modules;    //Get the infoset of the modules called by the process

foreach(ProcessModule item in models)
{
    lblShow.Text += item.FileName;    //Display all module information
}

string info = CurrProcess.Id;    //进程的ID
string info = CurrProcess.Handle;    //进程句柄
string info = CurrProcess.HandleCount;    //进程打开的句柄数
string info = CurrProcess.BasePriority;    //进程的优先级
string info = CurrProcess.StartTime;    //进程启动优先级

                ③进程管理

//立即关闭进程
CurProcess.Kill();
CurProcess.Close();    //释放进程资源

//开启一个进程
Process.Start(ProgramName);    //参数为文件名(如edge.exe)
Process.Start("edge.exe"."www.baidu.com");    //The second parameter is the execution path

                ④线程安全

                        Uncertainty in multithreaded execution is possiblelead to competition for resources.可以采用加锁way to control it

//Lock the thread code--Make sure that the resources inside can only be called by the current code
lock(this)
{
    //执行代码
}

//Use method attributes to implement locking

using System.Runtime.CompilerService;    //Introduce system compilation service

//Add properties outside of multithreaded execution functions
[MethodImpl(MethondImplOptions.Synchronized)]
private void ActionMethod() {}